<p>The Benedict Fenwick School  is a 1912 historic school building at 150 Magnolia Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The Classical Revival brick school building was designed by Boston architect James E. McLaughlin, who also designed Fenway Park, the Commonwealth Armory in Boston, and the Hudson Armory in Hudson, Massachusetts. It was named for Benedict Fenwick, the second bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston. The city used it as a school until 1981. It was purchased by the American Muslim Mission and opened the following year as the Sister Clara Muhammad School, named for Clara Muhammad, the first wife of Nation of Islam founder Elijah Muhammad. In 1999, it was acquired by a developer and converted to housing.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Sarah J. Baker School is an historic school building in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1905 by a prominent local architect, it is a well-preserved example of early 20th-century Romanesque Revival school architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, It has been converted to elderly housing.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Sarah J. Baker School building is located in a residential area of eastern Roxbury, on the west side of Perrin Street between Waverly and Moreland Streets. It is a -story masonry structure, built with load-bearing brick walls trimmed in limestone, and set on a tall basement. It has an H-shaped layout, with a substantial center flanked by projecting wings. There are no windows on the front-facing ends of the wings outside the basement level, which is separated from the other floors by a stone water table. Building corners feature brickwork that is quoin-like in appearance. Windows on the central section are set in rectangular openings on the first two floors, and round-arch openings on the third; the first-floor windows are topped by stone keystones. Building entrances are set at the ends of the central section.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Julius Schweinfurth and was built in 1905. It was named for the first female school principal in the Boston Public Schools, and was one of five schools designed for the city by Schweinfurth, who had previously worked as a draftsman at Peabody and Stearns.</p><br>
<p>The Beach-Knapp District encompasses a collection of six 19th-century buildings in the Chinatown neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is centered at the corner of Beach and Knapp Streets, and includes three buildings on the south side of Beach Street, and three on the east side of Knapp. The buildings encapsulate the transition of the area from a predominantly residential area to a mixed residential-light industrial area in the 19th century. At 5 and 7 Knapp Street stand two Greek Revival residential structures, both built in the 1830s. The four story Renaissaince Revival building at 7-15 Beach Street was built c. 1885, and was historically used as a hotel. The other three buildings, 17-23 Beach, 25-29 Beach, and 9-23 Knapp, are all commercial buildings dating between 1885 and 1906; two of them were designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Bedford Block or Bedford Building is an historic commercial building at 99 Bedford Street Boston, Massachusetts, in an area called Church Green. Built in 1875 to a design by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears, it is a rare local example of a style promoted by John Ruskin called Venetian Gothic. The building was added to the National Historic Register in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bedford Block is located in the southern part of Boston&#39;s downtown, at the northeast corner of Bedford and Lincoln Streets facing the triangular intersection known as Church Green.</p><br>
<p>The Bedford Block&#39;s exterior is constructed of polychromatic bands of New Brunswick red granite, Tuckahoen marble, and pressed terra-cotta panels manufactured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the first building after the Great Fire to use New Brunswick red granite as a material.</p><br>
<p>The first floor features rough rustic blocks. Upper floor details include arched bay windows, Viollet-le-Duc inspired iron balconets and flat column pilasters. Each roof gable is topped with a finial crown. There is a glazed tile clock is located in a 5-story tower at the northeast corner.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears for Henry and Francis Lee as a retail shoe center in an area that had been destroyed by the Great Boston Fire of 1872. It included fire-prevention features added to Boston&#39;s building codes in the wake of the fire, including fire blocking internal brick walls.</p><br>
<p>The building was renovated in 1983 in conjunction with the Bay-Bedford Company.</p><br>
<p>The Boston Edison Electric Illuminating Company building is a historic utility company building at 25–39 Boylston Street in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The seven-story Beaux Arts building was constructed in 1906 to a design by Winslow & Bigelow and enlarged in 1922 to a design by Bigelow & Wadsworth. It served as the headquarters of the Boston Edison Illuminating Company until the 1950s. It is an early skyscraper with Beaux Arts detailing and made of limestone.</p><br>
<p>In 1980 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places; in 1984 it was purchased to become the home of Saint Francis House.</p><br>
<p>YMCA Boston  was founded in 1851 in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first American chapter of YMCA.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The YMCA of Greater Boston, founded in 1851, was the first YMCA in the United States. The organization began as a modest Evangelical association, and by the late nineteenth century, had become a major social service organization dedicated to improving the lives of young men. With that aim in mind, the YMCA held athletic and educational facilities, provided employment services, offered accommodation for young unmarried men, organized summer camps for boys, and served as a place for young men to socialize.</p><br>
<h2>YMCA Huntington Avenue</h2><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>As part of the larger movement of institutions out of central Boston following the filling-in of Back Bay, and as a consequence of a series of fires that altered land use and building patterns in downtown Boston as in other parts of the country, many businesses and organizations moved farther away from downtown, farther down Huntington Avenue. Some of these included the Museum of Fine Arts, the New England Conservatory, and the Opera House, all located within the same street block as the site for the new YMCA. These institutions were especially important to the association, because they were, like the YMCA, dedicated to the moral and cultural improvement of Boston residents.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, construction began on a new complex of buildings for YMCA, designed by prominent Boston architectural firm Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge. President William Howard Taft participated in the groundbreaking ceremony.</p><br>
<p>The YMCA on Huntington Avenue is built on a peninsula once known as Gravelly Point, and is adjacent to the land reclaimed by the filling in of Back Bay in the early twentieth century. To reinforce associations with these buildings, the YMCA takes its decorative cues from the neoclassical and renaissance character of adjacent buildings.</p><br>
<p>To meet the diverse needs of the organization, the firm broke the complex into three distinct but interconnected buildings: a seven-story administration building, which served as the heart of the complex and faced Huntington Avenue, and the smaller gymnasium and educational buildings, both of which were located to the rear of the complex. This complex was known as YMCA Huntington Avenue.</p><br>
<p>This public works project helped shape the urban context and site for YMCA Huntington. By the time YMCA was constructed, the Gravelly Point area had been transformed into a vital urban area.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the Education and Gymnasium buildings were sold to developers, and the interior of the Administration building was completely renovated.</p><br>
<h3>Administration Building</h3><br>
<p>The Administration Building faces Huntington Avenue and is faced with grey brick. It is the most distinctive element of the complex.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor of this building originally held a sumptuous lobby, clad with lavish wood paneling and terrazzo marble floors. The lobby opened into a double height, sky-lit main reception hall, likewise decorated in an elegant fashion. The use of expensive materials in the lobby and reception hall affirmed the status of YMCA as a well-funded organization and reinforced its intention to cultivate good taste among its members. Around the reception hall stood a billiards room, game room, social rooms, and a spa; amenities intended to lure young men away from bars and saloons. A secondary entrance on Huntington Avenue led to Bates Hall, a large auditorium.</p><br>
<p>YMCA used the floors above for classrooms and offices and a well-appointed library. An original blueprint conserved in the Northeastern University Archives shows that select classrooms were designated as Bible Study Rooms, evidence of the institution&#39;s continued adherence to its founding ideas.</p><br>
<p>The uppermost floors held dormitory rooms for young men. Communal toilets, showers, and bathtubs were located on each of these floors. A corner suite on the sixth floor held a nurse&#39;s station and “sick room.” In combination with the amenities offered on the lower levels, the administration hall functions much like modern day college resident halls.</p><br>
<h3>Education building</h3><br>
<p>The buildings original plans indicate that it was a simple rectangle in shape and was composed of six floors including the basement. While the basement was devoted almost purely to mechanical services and offices, the ground floor included study, reading and clubrooms, a pool and game rooms, as well as offices and an entrance lobby. The second floor held classrooms for the study of languages, history, science, and grammar. On the third floor were law, commerce, accountancy, bookkeeping, mathematics, and art. The fourth floor consisted of larger recitation, drawing, and lecture rooms as well as various science laboratories. Finally, the top fifth floor held small boys dormitories. Each floor featured a central long hallway surrounded on all sides by classrooms and labs, offices, or larger gathering spaces.</p><br>
<p>YMCA offered both classes and boarding at prices that were significantly lower than those of nearby the academic institutions and was open in the evening, so that young men who worked during the day could access their services. The organization&#39;s many popular lectures and classes were in such demand that they were incorporated into what was then known then as Northeastern College, a degree granting institution. Soon thereafter, YMCA purchased adjacent land on Huntington and founded Northeastern University. It was not until about the mid-twentieth century that through a change of bylaws, the University established itself as a separate institution from YMCA.</p><br>
<h3>Gymnasium</h3><br>
<p>In the early 1880s, gymnasiums developed into a key element of YMCAs character-building programs. Under the direction of Director Walter C. Douglas, YMCA Boston adopted the Fourfold Plan. The plan, developed by YMCA of Greater New York, combined evangelism with athletics and encouraged attention to all four aspects of a young mans life: spiritual, intellectual, physical and social. At the same time, YMCA Boston also redefined its qualifications for membership. For the first time, all men of Boston, evangelical Christian and non-Christian alike, were able to join YMCA. YMCA&#39;s membership, not surprisingly, grew considerably.</p><br>
<p>The inclusion of a modern gymnasium (the Boston organizations first dedicated gymnasium) and swimming pool reflected YMCAs enhanced commitment to physical fitness. The basement of the building held fencing, wrestling and boxing courts, along with two double-height handball courts and a six-lane bowling alley. The first floor offered access to gallery seating for viewing matches in the handball courts, as well as an exercise room with wood floors and a large, sky lit swimming pool with a slide and spring board. A marble paneled massage room also offered amenities such as table massages, steam baths, electric baths, needle showers and dressing rooms. The second floor had a gallery with seating above the pool, as well as three gymnasiums, one large room flanked by two smaller gymnasiums, were located along the east wall with separations between them. A running track mezzanine ran above them on the perimeter. One could use the spiral stairs located in the corners of the gymnasiums to ascend the mezzanine level.</p><br>
<p>Locker rooms were an essential feature of the gymnasium building. YMCA Huntington had 3 distinct locker rooms within its facilities. The basement held a large boys locker room with lockers for storing athletic clothing and an adjacent large shower room. On the first floor there were two locker rooms. The businessmens locker room was the smaller of the two, with individual marble shower stalls, marble walls, granolithic floors and oak benches with white iron bases. The locker room led to the business mens club room. The mens club locker room also occupied the first floor. It was split into a large and a small locker room with a group shower lined in terra cotta and marble. The mens club locker room also offered amenities such as individual shower stalls, fan rooms and steam baths. It too had the marble walls, granolithic floors and oak benches with white iron bases. The separation of spaces, specifically within the 3 distinct locker rooms, correlated to YMCAs policy regarding segregation and distinction by class, race and gender.</p><br>
<h3>Recent developments</h3><br>
<p>The building is a distinctive feature of the Boston landscape, especially its tapestry brick façade on Huntington Avenue crowned with a large incandescent bulb block letter sign, the only one of its kind left in New England. In 1998, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 YMCA sold its gym building and Hastings wing to the Phoenix Property Co. for $21.5 million. The real estate company is in the process of building a 17-story dormitory that will be leased to Northeastern University behind Administration Building.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 2012, YMCA invested $40 million, including a $1 million gift from Liberty Mutual Insurance, into its retained space to create a modern community center that is welcoming and accessible to all. The new Y offers over 10,000 square feet of strengthen and cardio space, an expanded pool, locker rooms for men, women, families and children, a dedicated teen center, classrooms for after school and adult education, gym, sport courts and multi-purpose studios. The new lobby embraces the history of YMCA and the historic building while providing modern amenities.</p><br>
<p>However, the changes to the historical YMCA complex, such as the demolition of the pool to make way for the residential facility, have been met with stiff opposition from the community. Close to 1,000 members of YMCA signed a petition to prevent the Phoenix Property Co. and Northeastern from constructing the new dormitory. An organization named "Save Boston YMCA" has formed to fight the project. Calvin Arey, a leader of the opposition states that Northeastern and Phoenix property Co. are "destroying a property that&#39;s on the National Register of Historic Places" and that "this was never intended to be an area for 17 story towers." Regardless, the new dormitory was constructed and construction finished in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Boston Transit Commission Building is an historic office building at 15 Beacon Street in Boston, Massachusetts. It served as the headquarters of the Boston Transit Commission, the nations first public transportation agency, which was responsible for the initial creation of Bostons subway system, now operated by the commission&#39;s successor, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ten-story Beaux Arts</p><br>
<p>The commission occupied the building until it went out of existence in 1916. The city took the property in 1920 by eminent domain, and used it to house the Boston School Committee. The city sold the building in 1998, and it has been converted into XV Beacon, a 63-room luxury hotel which is a member of the Historic Hotels of America. The hotel features art works by Jules Olitski, Gilbert Stuart, Maggi Brown, Martha Lloyd, Joe Greene, Tony Evanko, Ben Freeman, and others.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Bowditch School is an historic school building at 80–82 Green Street in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The three-story brick-and-granite Classical Revival building was designed by Harrison Henry Atwood, a prominent local architect, and was built in 1892. Its main facade has a projecting three-part pavilion, with square entry openings at the base, and round-arch windows at the top level, with a modillioned cornice. It is named for Nathaniel Bowditch, a noted early 19th-century astronomer and mathematician.</p><br>
<p>By 1981 Boston Public Schools stopped using the facility, and the city government deemed it excess to the city&#39;s needs in July of that year.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Boylston Building is an historic building at 2–22 Boylston Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The six-story sandstone building was designed by Carl Fehmer and built in 1887 by Woodbury & Leighton. It is an early instance in Boston of a skeleton-built commercial structure, rather than having load-bearing masonry walls. The building housed the Boylston Market, a wholesale trading exchange which had been on the site since 1810 .</p><br>
<p>It was designated as Boston Landmark in 1977 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Brandegee Estate is a historic estate at 280 Newton Street in Brookline and Boston, Massachusetts. Developed at the turn of the 20th century, it is one of the largest essentially intact estate properties in either community. It was developed by Mary  Sprague, a direct descendant of Joseph Weld, one of Bostons first settlers, and is noted for its large Renaissance Revival mansion , and landscaping by Charles A. Platt. The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Its name derives from Mary Spragues second husband, Edward Brandegee.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brandegee Estate is located astride the town line between Brookline and the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, and consists of a long strip of land whose western end is on Newton Street in Brookline, and whose eastern end is on Allandale Street in Boston. Separating most of the estate from Allandale Street to the south is Allandale Farm, the last working farm in Boston. The developed features are the main house and formal garden, near the center of the estate, and a cluster of service buildings at the eastern end, where the stables and estate office are located. The stables were until recently used by the City of Boston for its mounted police force.</p><br>
<p>The property was owned for many years by the Faulkner family, and was known as Faulkner Farm. It was acquired by William Fletcher Weld II, cousin to Mary Pratt Sprague. In 1890 Sprague had built a -story wood frame summer house. In 1897 she retained Little, Browne & Moore to oversee a major expansion of the house, transforming it into a brick Renaissance Revival mansion. The house is surrounded by a formal garden designed by Charles A. Platt, many of whose elements still survive despite adaptive reuse of the property.</p><br>
<p>The -story mansion built in 1897, enclosing an 1890 house that had been built on the site by Mary Pratt Sprague (later Mrs. Edward Brandegee). The mansion has elaborate interior decorations, including a dining room paneled in mahogany, a second dining room in oak, and a ballroom with elaborate candelabras and chandeliers, with tapestries by Gobelins. The house stands on a slight rise, looking over a landscaped formal garden, which included a pool and an open summer house.</p><br>
<p>The Brighton Center Historic District encompasses the civic center of the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The district is centered at the junction of Washington Street with Market Street and Chestnut Hill Avenue, radiating along those roads and including a number of immediately adjacent properties on adjacent streets. The oldest resource in the district is the Market Street Burial Ground, which was established in 1764. Originally part of Watertown and Cambridge in colonial times, Brighton was incorporated as a separate town in 1807 and annexed to Boston in 1874. The center area became a focus of the regional cattle business during the 19th century, but little of that time has survived, with only a small handful of buildings pre-dating 1875. The local cattle yards were removed in 1881, and the center developed as a place to provide community services, resulting in a series of commercial buildings on Washington Street and a collection of municipal and civic structures along Market Street and Chestnut Hill Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Bulfinch Triangle Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Canal, Market, Merrimac, and Causeway Streets in the West End of Boston, Massachusetts. The entire district was laid out by architect Charles Bulfinch on land reclaimed from the old Mill Pond , and is now populated by well-preserved commercial buildings from the 1870s through early 1900s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bulfinch Triangle area is located north of Bostons Government Center area, with the TD Garden to the north, the North End to the east, and the West End to the west. The historic district is bounded on the north by Causeway Street, the east by Canal Street, and the southwest by Merrimac Street. This area was in colonial times under water, in a part of the Charles River known as North Cove which separated the North and West Ends. It was a tidal flat that was filled in beginning in 1807, with its northern edge forming Causeway Street. Architect Charles Bulfinch designed the street layout for the landowners, and the area was filled with material taken by lowering Beacon Hill and Copps Hill. The area became a nexus for a number of early railroads, serving points north and west of the city, which prompted its further development as a manufacturing area. The rail stations were eventually consolidated into North Station. By the late 19th century it was a center of Boston&#39;s furniture trade, with manufacturing and sales showrooms in integrated buildings.</p><br>
<p>The 59 buildings in the district are mostly five or six stories in height, and are built of brick and stone. Stylistically, many of them show elements of the Renaissance Revival, which was particularly popular in the last quarter of the 19th century. There is a particularly fine example of Second Empire architecture at 48–72 Canal Street, designed by Gridley J. F. Bryant and completed in 1871 for the Paine Furniture Company. There are a number of good examples of the Beaux Arts style, including two on Portland Street designed by Stephen Codman. A number of older buildings (dating to the mid-19th century) line part of Causeway Street, but have been compromised by removal of their upper floors and modernization of their facades.</p><br>
<p>With the construction of the Charlestown High Bridge and aerial John F. Fitzgerald Expressway/Central Artery during the 1950s roughly the eastern 1/3rd of the Bullfinch Triangle was occupied by the expressway and its associated on/off ramps. Through the completion of the Big Dig project in the early 21st-century much of this reclaimed area in the Triangle area was initially turned into park area as part of the Rose Kennedy Greenway before new subsequent proposed hotels and luxury properties were constructed and/or renovated.</p><br>
<p>138–142 Portland Street is a historic commercial building located at the address of the same name in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The five-story, Beaux Arts style building was designed by Stephen Codman and built in 1896. The first floor has modern storefronts; the next three levels have brick pilasters separating the window bays with cast stone architraves. A cornice line separates the fifth level from the lower ones, and has oxeye windows at the building&#39;s rounded corners, and a dentillated cornice. It has also been classified as a Classical Revival building.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1985, and included in the Bulfinch Triangle Historic District on February 27, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Charlestown Heights later known as Ensign John J. Doherty Park, is an urban park in Charlestown, a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is one of five small urban parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted for the city. These parks were designed to provide greenspaces in densely populated neighborhoods. Charlestown Heights was laid out on the North side of Bunker Hill, sloping down the hill from Bunker Hill Street to Medford Street, between St. Martin Street and North Mead Street.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the park would be built was once part of the vast estate of the Harris family. This parcel, which originally extended across Medford Street into unfilled Mystic River flats, was sold and mortgaged to William Dehon of Boston by Harris heirs in 1849 and remained in Dehon&#39;s estate until purchased by the City.</p><br>
<p>The park was purchased by the City of Boston in July 1891, laid out shortly thereafter, and opened in 1895. It is divided into three sections. The uppermost section abutting Bunker Hill Street is a flat promenade with a central grassy area and lined with trees, paths, and benches. A monument commemorating the 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill terminates the East end of the promenade.</p><br>
<p>A large central area of the park contains active recreation facilities, and is the portion of the park which has been most altered from the original 19th-century Olmsted design. The Clougherty Pool complex includes a swimming pool and Moderne-style bathhouse designed by John M. Gray. The central portion of the park also includes basketball courts, a playground, and a wading pool.</p><br>
<p>The lowest level of the park, abutting Medford Street, is a sloping meadow with naturalistic pathways meandering through it. Stairs in this section have granite risers, with cheeks of native Roxbury Puddingstone. The sinuous path has flares of granite pavers toward the top for drainage.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Bunker Hill School is a historic school at 68 Baldwin Street in the Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1866, it is a prominent local example of Second Empire architecture, and a surviving example of the city&#39;s school planning in the post-Civil War period. Now housing residential condominiums, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Bunker Hill School is located in the densely built Charlestown neighborhood of Boston, on the west side of Baldwin Street at its junction with Bunker Hill Street. It is a -story brick building, with a mansard roof providing space for a full fourth story. Its main facade is seven bays wide, with the center three projecting slightly. Windows are set in segmented arch openings with headers of brick with stone keystones, and there are stone stringcourses between the floors. The main entrance is recessed in the center bay, in a segmented-arch opening framed by shouldered stone surround with keystone. The interior, now converted into residences, historically was divided into four spaces on each floor, organized around a central stair. On the lower three floors, three of these spaces were occupied by classrooms, while the fourth house administrative and other non-classroom spaces. There were two classrooms on the top floor, with the other half taken up by an auditorium space.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1866, when the city of Charlestown (then separate from Boston) was growing, and there was more widespread interest in quality education. Designed by James H. Rand, a local architect, it exemplified new thinking about school facilities, including improved lighting and ventilation for classrooms, and the use of fireproof materials in its construction. The school served Charlestown (and Boston after it was annexed to that city) until 1981, when it was closed due to declining enrollment. It was sold to a private developer in 1984 and converted into residential condominiums.</p><br>
<p>The Cathedral of St. George Historic District encompasses a historic church complex at 517-523-525 East Broadway in South Boston, Massachusetts. The church building was designed by Boston architect Samuel J. F. Thayer and was built in 1872 to house a Unitarian congregation. The polychrome Gothic Revival structure was acquired in 1949 by the Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese of the Orthodox Church in America. The complex also includes two brick houses, 517 and 525 East Broadway, which were built about the same time as the church, and were owned by the Unitarian congregation.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Calf Pasture Pumping Station Complex is a historic sewage treatment facility at 435 Mount Vernon Street on Columbia Point in the Dorchester section of Boston, Massachusetts which was built in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding community was, in the 17th and 18th centuries, and through to the mid-19th century, a calf pasture: a place where nearby Dorchester residents took their calves for grazing. It was largely an uninhabited marshland on the Dorchester peninsula. Its size was originally 14 acre. Many landfills, subsequent to that time, have enlarged the land size to 350 acre in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s, the calf pasture was used as a Boston sewer line and pumping station, known as the Calf Pasture Pumping Station Complex. This large granite structure, the first sewage treatment station built in the city, was built in 1883. It still stands and in its time was a model for treating sewage and helping to promote cleaner and healthier urban living conditions. It pumped waste to a remote treatment facility on Moon Island in Boston Harbor, and served as a model for other systems worldwide. This system remained in active use and was the Boston Sewer systems headworks, handling all of the citys sewage, until 1968 when a new treatment facility was built on Deer Island. The pumping station is also architecturally significant as a Richardsonian Romanesque designed by the then Boston city architect, George Clough. It is also the only remaining 19th century building on Columbia Point.</p><br>
<p>The facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. This building is currently under study as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission. In January 2020, the University of Massachusetts Building Authority issued a request for information from developers to restore the facility and to construct a mixed-use facility on an adjacent 10-acre site, receiving eight proposals in response by the following September. In July 2021, UMass officials issued a request for proposal for the facility and the adjacent site. In April 2024, the Boston Landmarks Commission held a virtual public meeting on whether to designate the facility as a city landmark and the Commission approved a report issued it issued recommending an official city landmark designation.</p><br>
<p>The Codman Building is a historic building at 55 Kilby Street  in Boston, Massachusetts. The first four stories of this six-story brick and stone building were designed by Sturgis & Brigham and built in 1874 in the Gothic Revival style. It is the only one of the firm&#39;s commercial designs in the Financial District to survive. The upper three floors, in a more typical Late Victorian fashion, were added sometime before 1898.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Church Green Buildings Historic District is a historic district at 101-113 Summer Street in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>It was built on the site of New South Church, which had been designed by Charles Bulfinch, following the destruction of the church in the Great Boston Fire of 1872. The building was originally used by trade association offices and warehouses for the leather trade. The design is thought to be by Jonathan Preston</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>This building was designated as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Clapp Houses are historic houses in Boston, Massachusetts. They currently house the Dorchester Historic Society, and are open to the public as house museums.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the Captain Lemuel Clap House may have been built as early as 1633 by Roger Clapp; it is known to that a house was on the site in that year. The house went through extensive changes in 1767, when it was expanded and renovated by Lemuel Clap. The William Clapp House was built in 1806 by Lemuel Clap&#39;s son William. The family operated a large Dorchester tannery.</p><br>
<p>The property containing both houses was purchased by Dorchester Historical Society in 1945, and they were moved several hundred yards from Willow Court to their present locations in 1957. The houses were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Codman Square District is a historic district in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It consists of four of the most prominent properties facing the main Codman Square intersection, where Talbot Avenue and Washington Street cross. The area has a long history as a major civic center in Dorchester, and is now one of the large neighborhood&#39;s major commercial hubs. The properties in the district include the 1806 Congregational Church , the 1904 Codman Square branch of the Boston Public Library, the former Girls Latin Academy building , and the Lithgow Building, a commercial brick structure at the southeast corner of the junction that was built in 1899.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Collins Building  is an historic commercial building at 213-217 Washington Street in Dorchester, Boston, Massachusetts. The three-story brick building was constructed by Charles F. Collins in 1898, and originally housed retail space on the ground floor, offices on the second, and an open function space on the third. The building is one of the few older commercial properties in the Mt. Bowdoin area, and was long associated with its Jewish community.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Congress Street Fire Station, now known as the Boston Fire Museum, is an historic fire station at 344 Congress Street in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The Romanesque style station was designed by Harrison H. Atwood, then the city architect, and constructed in 1891. It is distinctive for its early use, within this style, of light-colored brick, and features a rusticated ground level and progressively more refined detailing as it rises.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, and was included in the Fort Point Channel Historic District in 2004. It now serves as the Boston Fire Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Crowninshield House is a historic house at 164 Marlborough Street in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1870, it is the first residential design of the renowned architect Henry Hobson Richardson. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Crowninshield House stands at the southwest corner of Marlborough and Dartmouth Street. It is a four-story brick building, featuring a variety of trim in black brick, brownstone, and decorative green and blue tiles. It has a mansard roof, and a projecting two-story entrance section at the center of the main facade. The entry is flanked by sidelight windows and sheltered by a semicircular wrought iron hood.</p><br>
<p>Commissioned by Benjamin W. Crowninshield, the house was designed in 1868 and built in 1870 by H.H. Richardson. It is the earliest surviving example of Richardson&#39;s private residence work. Unlike many of his later works in the signature Romanesque style that he would develop, this house owes more to the Second Empire style. The house is, along with the former Trinity Rectory, one of two surviving Richardson houses in Boston.</p><br>
<h2>Benjamin Crowninshield</h2><br>
<p>Benjamin William Crowninshield (1837–1892) was a member of the Boston Brahmin Crowninshield family. He attended Harvard College, graduating in 1858, along with classmates H.H. Richardson and Henry Adams. Adams&#39; Education of Henry Adams (1918) includes descriptions of his friendship with Crowninshield.</p><br>
<p>Crowninshield studied history, publishing and speaking on various topics, such as yachting and military history. Published works include A History of the First Regiment of Massachusetts Cavalry Volunteers (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1891).</p><br>
<p>In 1868, Crowninshield commissioned his friend Richardson to design and build the house on Marlborough Street in the newly land-filled Back Bay area of Boston.</p><br>
<p>Custom House District is a historic district in Boston, Massachusetts, located between the Fitzgerald Expressway  and Kilby Street and South Market and High and Batterymarch Streets. Named after the 1849 Boston Custom House located on State Street, the historic district contains about seventy buildings on nearly sixteen acres in Downtown Boston, consisting of 19th-century mercantile buildings along with many early 20th-century skyscrapers, including the 1915 Custom House Tower.</p><br>
<p>The area is an early example of urban planning, in which the Broad Street Associates hired architect Charles Bulfinch in 1805 to plan the commercial development of the area south of Long Wharf and State Street, which connected the wharf to the city center. The district includes a few Federal period buildings that were built to the standards specified by Bulfinch, but is architecturally diverse, reflecting more than century of economic development. Visually prominent 19th-century buildings include a collection of warehouses built out granite, which marked a departure from the more usual brick construction of the period. The State Street Block, built 1858 to a design by Gridley James Fox Bryant, is another example.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. When first listed, its historically significant buildings were limited to those of the 19th century. An amendment to the listing in 1996 extended the period of significance to 1928, changing a number of architecturally significant early skyscrapers from non-contributing to contributing properties.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties (partial listing)</h2><br>
<p>Appleton Building (1900), 4 Liberty Square</p><br>
<p>Batterymarch Building (1928), 54–68 Batterymarch Street; designated a Boston Landmark in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Board of Trade Building (1901), 2–22 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Boston Custom House (1849) and Custom House Tower (1915), McKinley Square</p><br>
<p>Broad Exchange Building (1903), 88 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Broad Street Association warehouses (c. 1805), 5–9, 63–73, 64–70, 72 & 102 Broad Street; designated a Boston Landmark in 1983; 171–175 Milk Street</p><br>
<p>Central Wharf warehouses (1816), 146–176 Milk Street</p><br>
<p>Chase and Sanborn warehouse (1901), 141–149 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Cunard Building (1901), 122–130 State Street</p><br>
<p>Employees Liability Building (1904), 33 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Exchange Club Building (1893), 22 Batterymarch Street</p><br>
<p>Farlow Building (1895), 92 State Street</p><br>
<p>Fidelity Building (1915), 144–148 State Street</p><br>
<p>Flour and Grain Exchange Building, aka Boston Chamber of Commerce (1892), 177 Milk Street</p><br>
<p>India Building (1903), 74–84 State Street</p><br>
<p>Insurance Exchange Building (1923), 24–44 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>King Building (1894), 120–122 Milk Street</p><br>
<p>James Codman Building (1873), 44–48 Kilby Street</p><br>
<p>John Foster Warehouse (c. 1860), 109–133 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Marshall Building (1910), 15–19 Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Pepperell Building (1921), 160 State Street</p><br>
<p>Rice Drystuffs Company Building (1872), 295 Franklin Street</p><br>
<p>Richards Building, aka Shaw Building (1867), 112–116 State Street</p><br>
<p>State Street Block (1857), 177–199 State Street</p><br>
<p>Telegraph Building (1903), 100–110 State Street</p><br>
<p>William Henderson Boardman Warehouse, aka Howe & French Building (c. 1857), 97–107 Broad Street</p><br>
<h2>Non-contributing properties (partial listing)</h2><br>
<p>75 State Street (1988)</p><br>
<p>Folio Boston, 88 Broad Street (2005)</p><br>
<p>20 Custom House Street (1988)</p><br>
<p>21 Custom House Street (1989)</p><br>
<p>Market Place Center (1985)</p><br>
<p>The Cyclorama Building is an 1884 building in the South End of Boston, Massachusetts that is operated by the Boston Center for the Arts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Classical Revival style Victorian building was commissioned by Charles F. Willoughby&#39;s Boston Cyclorama Company to house the Cyclorama of the Battle of Gettysburg, a 400-by-50 foot cyclorama painting of the Battle of Gettysburg. It was designed by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears.</p><br>
<p>The central space is a 127&#39;-diameter steel-trussed dome which, when it was built, was the largest dome in the country after that on the United States Capitol building. Visitors entered through the crenelated archway, proceeded along a dark winding passage, and then ascended a winding staircase to an elevated viewing platform. Skylights lit the scene by day, and it was illuminated by a system of 25 arc lamps by night.</p><br>
<p>In 1889, a new cyclorama painting, Custer&#39;s Last Fight, was installed, but by 1890, the fashion for cycloramas had ended, and the new owner of the building, John Gardner (father-in-law of Isabella Stewart Gardner), converted it to a venue for popular entertainment, including a carousel, roller skating, boxing tournaments (including an 1894 fight of John L. Sullivan), horseback riding, bicycling, and so on.</p><br>
<p>By the 1890s, it had become an industrial space, used by the Albert Champion Company. In 1907, Albert Champion developed the Champion spark plug there.</p><br>
<p>When the Boston Flower Exchange bought the building in 1923, it added a new entrance and covered central dome with a skylight. The Flower Exchange occupied the building until 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Cyclorama was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Bunker Hill Cyclorama</h2><br>
<p>Another, competing cyclorama building was built two blocks from the first, and displayed a cyclorama of The Battle of Bunker Hill.</p><br>
<p>The Dearborn School is an historic school building at 25 Ambrose Street in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The three-story brick Beaux Arts school was designed by Roxbury native Edwin James Lewis Jr., and built in 1905. It is the only building to survive a c. 1950 urban redevelopment of the area. It was named in honor of Boston mayor Henry A. S. Dearborn. It served as an elementary or middle school until the 1980s, and has since been converted into housing.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Dill Building is an historic building at 11–25 Stuart Street in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The six story brick building was constructed in two phases between 1886 and 1888. Its facade is symmetrical, each half of floors 3–5 organized into window groups separated by brick pilasters. There is a corbelled cornice line between floors 5 and 6, with the window pattern continued on the sixth floor without pilasters. The main roof line is also corbelled, with two stepped parapet sections inscribed with the construction dates. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Previous tenants in the building include the American Red Cross, M & M Realty Trust, Smith Barney and Citibank. In 2012, Hostelling International opened a 468 hostel (HI-Boston) after a complete renovation of the building. After more than a year of construction, the completed building encompasses 55,000 sq ft over 6 floors. The renovation preserves and exposes historical features of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Dillaway School is an historic school at 16-20 Kenilworth Street in Boston, Massachusetts. The school was built in 1882 to a design by George Albert Clough, the city&#39;s first official architect, and is his only surviving school design in the city. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, The building has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dillaway School is located in Boston&#39;s Roxbury neighborhood, a short way west of Nubian Square (formerly Dudley Square) on the south side of Kenilworth Street near its junction with Dudley Street. It is a three-story masonry structure, built out of brick with stone trim. It is seventeen bays wide, with the outer four bays on each end projecting slightly and covered by a tall hip roof. The central bays are two full stories, with a third in a mansard roof. The entrance is in the center bay, recessed under an elaborate stone arch, above which is a complex multipart round-arch window assembly. Horizontal stone courses run at the sill and lintel levels of the windows on the first two floors, with the second-floor windows topped by blind round stone arches.</p><br>
<p>This school was built in 1882 to a design by George Clough, who was the first Boston city architect. He entered this role in 1875, by which time the city had grown by annexation nearly to its present size. Clough designed many public buildings for the city as a result of this growth and his position. Twenty-five of them were school buildings; this one is one of only two to survive.</p><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library Building is an historic building in Athens, Georgia. It was one of many such libraries donated by Andrew Carnegie which were named Carnegie Library after him. Funds were donated on March 5, 1905, and construction was completed in 1910 on the site of the State Normal School. On November 11, 1975, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was used as the Navy Supply Corps Museum when the campus was the base of the Navy Supply Corps School.</p><br>
<p>The University of Georgia has renovated the building, which now houses a part of the university libraries. It has been given the name, Carnegie Library Learning Center.</p><br>
<h2>Services</h2><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library primarily serves as an electronic library. Wi-fi access is available to students and faculty with a UGA login. The library provides computer workstations as well as printer and scanner access. It also provides “Bulldog Bikes” for students to check out for traveling around campus.</p><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library does not have its own print collection. However, students and faculty are allowed to drop off and pick up books and periodicals from the library&#39;s location.</p><br>
<h2>Hours of operation</h2><br>
<p>The Carnegie Library Learning Center is open during the regular academic year on Mondays through Thursdays from 9am to 10 pm and Sundays from 2 pm to 10 pm, and is closed on Fridays and holidays. Summer semester hours are Mondays through Fridays from 9am to 6pm.</p><br>
<p>The Dimock Community Health Center Complex is a historic medical complex at 41 and 55 Dimock Street in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The center&#39;s Zakrzewska Building was built in the Stick style of architecture in 1872, designed by Charles Amos Cummings and Willard T. Sears as the New England Hospital for Women and Children. This facility was the first in New England and the second in the United States to be run by female doctors. Contemporary renovations were completed by James A. Fox and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. In 1991 the complex was declared a National Historic Landmark (as "New England Hospital for Women and Children&quot the National Register listing is for "Dimock Community Health Center Complex").</p><br>
<p>The District 13 Police Station is a historic former police station at 28 Seaverns Avenue in the Jamaica Plain neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The Gothic Revival station was designed in 1873 by George Ropes and built for the town of West Roxbury, as one of its last public works before its annexation by Boston. An addition was designed in 1892 by Edmund M. Wheelwright, architect for the City of Boston. The building is one of the only high-style Victorian municipal buildings in the city.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Park is a historic park bounded by Dorchester Avenue, Richmond, Adams and Richview Streets in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The park was designed by Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, and constructed in 1891, as part of Boston&#39;s Emerald Necklace of parks first conceived by the elder Frederick Law Olmsted. It has many naturalistic features, including large areas of woodland. Its main access points are along Dorchester Avenue and Adams Street. The park includes a playground, tennis courts, and a Little League baseball diamond. The wall that lines the park along Adams Street has a historic mile marker, dated 1734, embedded in it.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Pottery Works is a historic site at 101-105 Victory Road in Dorchester, Massachusetts, a neighborhood of Boston. The Dorchester Pottery Works was founded in 1895 by George Henderson and made stoneware. The Dorchester Pottery Works closed in 1979. The building was designated as a Boston Landmark in 1980 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Dorchester Pottery Works is located in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston and abuts a sizable shopping center to one side and railroad tracks to the other. The residential neighborhood across the street is largely of frame, later Victorian, single family structures. The Dorchester Pottery Works is now represented by its sole surviving structure, a brick industrial building housing the company&#39;s monumental kiln. This kiln building has been vacant for several years and had been boarded up until its recent rehabilitation. The Works formerly included a frame industrial building that was attached to the kiln building, and the Henderson House, which was used as a residence and showroom by the proprietors of the business. Recently, both of these buildings were destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The Dorchester Pottery Works kiln house is a two-story plus clerestory, five-by-five bay, flat roofed, red brick, industrial building with a red brick chimney approximately 60-feet in height angled into its east wa11. The building is squarish in plan, measures approximately 45 feet by 49 feet, and is about 25 feet high from grade level to roof parapet. Located near the center of a deep and irregularly shaped parcel including 21,730 square feet, the kiln house was formerly attached to the rear of, the now demolished two-story frame, clapboard, industrial building which was approximately 42 feet wide by 69 feet deep and which extended up to the Victory Road street line.</p><br>
<p>Characterizing the exterior of the kiln building are its segmentally arched windows (the long first floor windows had been fitted with nine-over-nine sash which have been reconstructed after the earlier ones were totally vandalized), broad rectangular ground level entrances on the south and west sides, and concrete lintels and sills. Ornamentation is sparse and limited to the handling of the chimney with contrasting courses of yellow brick and the use of a plain brickwork cornice. Low parapet walls define the roof line on the north and south sides, and a brick roof extension on the north side allowed for the operation of an industrial pulley lift.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building is basically an open two-story space extended by a central three-by-four bay clerestory. The second floor functions primarily as a balcony level formed by an opening that is approximately 25 1/2 feet in diameter and edged with curved bolted steel. Steel columns located towards the corners of the building carry the load of the flattened arched tile roof vaults of the second floor and clerestory. The height of the interior measures approximately 14 feet from grade to the second floor and approximately 28 1/2 feet from grade to the roof of the clerestory...</p><br>
<p>Dominating the interior of the building is Dorchester Potterys circular plan, low-domed, beehive type kiln-which occupies much of the square footage of the ground level. The kiln measures, in its dimensions, approximately 30 feet in diameter and about 12 feet in height from grade to the top of the dome. At grade, the kilns walls are approximately 4 feet thick and include an encasing wall about 4 feet and 9 inches in height. This outer wall houses nine firing holes and the arched entry to the kiln&#39;s interior. The exterior walls of the kiln are girded with horizontal and vertical iron bands to allow for the proper structural expansion and contraction of the kiln during firing and cooling.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the kiln measures approximately 22 feet in diameter. The interior space is about 10 1/2 feet high under the center of the dome, marked by the location of a small air hole, and about 6 1/2 feet high near the kiln&#39;s sides.</p><br>
<p>Brick shelving lines the inner walls of the kiln which are covered with a shiny surface formed over the years, through the escaping of vaporized glazes during firing. A grid of heat resistant tiles on the kiln&#39;s floor permits the conduction of heat, fire, and gases through an underground flu to the chimney which protrudes out of a corner of the building.</p><br>
<p>Also included on the site of the Dorchester Pottery Works, on a small parcel of 4,303 square feet, was the Henderson House, the residence of the company&#39;s founder and second generation owner/operators. Unfortunately, on April 12, 1980, this Queen Anne Style, clapboard, two-story plus attic, front facing gable roofed house was destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Founded in 1895 by George Henderson, Dorchester Pottery Works successfully produced commercial and industrial stoneware for many years. Henderson came from New Haven, Connecticut, where he had been a partner in the S.L. Pewtress Pottery since 1884 in the production of Henderson and O&#39;Halloran wares.</p><br>
<p>Dorchester Potterys wares evolved over the years from primarily agricultural products to decorated tablewares. Mash feeders and chicken fountains were cast from molds for the farmer. Acid pots and dipping baskets were in demand by jewelry manufacturers, and Hendersons popular foot warmer was known as a "porcelain pig." In 1940, Dorchester Potterys line of distinctive gray and blue tableware was introduced. It was shaped on the potters wheel. It is called slipware with a so-called Bristol glaze.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, Mr. Henderson built an enormous beehive kiln 28-feet in diameter of his own design made of unmortared bricks. When it was carefully stacked with two or three freight car loads of unfired pottery, the opening was sealed and the kiln was slowly heated with 15 tons of coal and four cords of wood to a temperature of 2500-3000 degrees Fahrenheit. After days of cooling, the door would be opened, brick by brick, and the fired pieces removed. The entire process took about one week to complete.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, Henderson purchased finished pottery from other companies, such as containers by Joseph Middleby, Jr., jugs by H.A. Johnson, and household items including bean pots and</p><br>
<p>casserole dishes from other suppliers. At its peak in the 1920s the Dorchester Pottery Works employed 28 potters. By the 1950s when the Pottery turned out 1,700 distinct items twenty-five percent was tableware, and by the 1960s tableware was one hundred percent of the production.</p><br>
<p>Twenty three people were employed by the pottery works in 1921, mainly from Dorchester. When Henderson died in 1928, his son, Charles, and daughter-in-law, Ethel Hill Henderson, took over the business. George died in 1967, and Ethel continued until her death in 1971 with the help of her brother, Charles Allen Hill, and her sister, Lilly Yeaton. Ethel had been a clothing and design teacher at Dorchester High School. She became superintendent of the kiln, and her two children, George and Lillian, assisted in the family business. But the Great Depression took its toll, and the sales of commercial stoneware suffered. Ethel began to decorate the stoneware with motifs of old New England, and her brother, Charles, added new mixing color techniques from his experience in an earlier career as a chemistry teacher. Decorators whose names may be found on the pottery include Charles Hill, Nando Ricci, Joseph McCune, Phil Spear, Ronald Brakee, Robert Trotter, Jackie Burn Callder, Rhoda Ricci and Knesseth Denison. Ethel died in 1971, and some pieces after that date are signed I.M.E.H.H. (In Memorial Ethel Hill Henderson).</p><br>
<p>Although the handcrafted pots continued to attract attention, they could not compete in the commercial market. The last firing of the big beehive kiln took place in 1965, and after that smaller gas and later electric kilns were used until the pottery works closed in 1979. Yet the diversified production of the Dorchester Pottery Works and the fact that it was a family-run operation helped it to stay open longer than other commercial New England potteries such as Bennington, Dedham and Hampshire. Some of its products were: storage jars from 5 to 75 gallons, beanpots both for restaurant and home use, cheese jars, foot-warmers, plates, platters, pitchers, pots, planters, bowls, casseroles, cuspidors, vases, flower baskets, bird baths, Toby jugs, cookie jars, steins, mugs, demitasse cups and saucers as well as special-order custom designs.</p><br>
<p>Some of the common designs of the Pottery included: blueberry, cherry, pear, plum, clematis, cow, codfish, colonial lace, lily of the valley, pine cone, pussy willow, ships, stripes, scrolls, sperm whale, and sponge patterns. These designs were painted with the blue and white slip, and sometimes shallow scraffito work was added. Special orders sometimes used Bayberry green or Morocco gold slip. All these pieces received a clear seal coat of the Bristol glaze. Most of the Pottery&#39;s pieces bore some kind of identification, either a paper label or a stamp in the slip.</p><br>
<p>Until 1971, all the clay used at the Pottery Works came from South Amboy, NJ, and the cobalt used for the blue slip decoration came from Germany. From 1972 the clay came from Ohio. For more than 80 years the company used the same apple wood drying boards to stack greenware in the drying room. These were the same boards used by the Boston and Sandwich Glass Company on Cape Cod, a defunct company that Henderson bought in whole. The method of production changed very little over time. It was a small factory whose products were handcrafted. Even the jiggering of forms utilized older labor-intensive technology that other commercial potteries had long since abandoned for automated machine jigger units. Pieces were mostly hand-formed, handles were applied individually, pieces were hand dipped in glazes, and shapes were developed to meet custom orders.</p><br>
<p>Fire destroyed the family residence and main production building in 1980. What remained of the pottery works was for nearly twenty years a single boarded up building with a tall smoke stack at the intersection of Mill Street and Victory Road. Soon after the Pottery Works closed, members of the Clam Point Neighborhood Association organized to buy and preserve the kiln building and to create a Dorchester Pottery Museum at the original site. When that endeavor ended without success, the organization&#39;s records were presented to the University of Massachusetts, and the Dorchester Pottery exhibit was given to the care and maintenance of the Dorchester Historical Society. In 2001 Bay Cove Human Services acquired the property and renovated the building for its own use, keeping the kiln room and the kiln itself intact for community exhibitions.</p><br>
<p>The Dorchester-Milton Lower Mills Industrial District is a historic district on both sides of the Neponset River in the Dorchester area of Boston and in the town of Milton, Massachusetts. It encompasses an industrial factory complex, most of which was historically associated with the Walter Baker & Company, the first major maker of chocolate products in the United States. The industrial buildings of the district were built between about 1868 and 1947. They were listed as part of the district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, with a slight enlargement in 2001. The buildings have been adapted for mixed industrial/retail/residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lower Mills Village is located on either side of the Neponset River, which demarcates the southern boundary of Boston and the northern boundary of Milton. The river is crossed by Adams Street, which roughly bisects the district. The district is bounded on the south by the MBTA rail right-of-way in Milton and River, Washington, and Adams Streets in Dorchester.</p><br>
<p>The historic district includes sixteen industrial buildings, all but one of which were directly associated with Water Baker & Company. Most of the buildings are constructed of brick, with numerous additions and ells. They are stylistically diverse, having been built between 1868 and 1947, reflecting styles from the Second Empire to the Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival, and utilitarian modern.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Native Americans had lived near this area for thousands of years. Members of the historic Massachusett tribe in this area encountered English colonists in the 17th century. They had occupied parcels of land near what is today the Ventura Street Playground in the Neponset River Reservation and Dorchester Park. In the early 1630s Israel Stoughton acquired land to build a grist mill for grinding corn. Later chocolate factory buildings were built on that site. site. In 1637 early settler John Whipple, an apprentice to Stoughton, settled on land near Butler and Bearse streets.</p><br>
<p>Chocolate-making in the immediate area has a history dating to the mid-18th century, when Dr. James Baker and John Hannan established the business in 1765. The company they founded grew to national prominence in the first half of the 19th century under Walter Baker, James Baker&#39;s grandson. Additional expansion took place in the late 19th century, when a major portion of the present complex was built beginning in 1868 under the leadership of Henry Pierce; it continued under his successor, H. Clifford Gallagher. In 1926 the company was acquired by General Foods, which continued to manufacture chocolate under the Baker name on these premises until 1965. That year it consolidated operations at a plant in upstate New York.</p><br>
<p>The Frederick Douglass Square Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Hammond Street, Cabot Street, Windsor Street, and Westminster Street, in the Lower Roxbury area of Boston, Massachusetts. It covers a 5 acre that is a remarkably well-preserved and cohesive residential development created as the result of one of Boston&#39;s many land-reclamation projects in the 19th century. This area, originally salt marshes that flooded at high tide, was at first gradually filled in as the Boston Neck was widened with the construction of Tremont Street and railroad lines. The Tremont Improvement Company acquired a remnant portion of the salt marshes by the early 1860s, and built a series of single-family row houses on the land that resulted from filling it in. The district includes most of the residential properties on Warwick, Greenwich, and Sussex Streets, as well as clusters of properties on adjacent streets.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 and is a pending Boston Landmark. The nearby intersection of Tremont and Hammond streets was dedicated as Frederick Douglass Square in 1917, giving the district its name.</p><br>
<p>Dudley Station Historic District is a historic district on Washington, Warren, and Dudley Streets in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The central feature of the district is Dudley Square station , a Beaux Arts/French Renaissance structure designed by Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow and built by the Boston Elevated Railway  in 1901. It is one of the best-preserved BERy stations remaining.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Hill Historic District is a residential historic district roughly bounded by Meridian, Princeton, and White Streets meeting in Prescott Square in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. This part of East Boston was developed roughly between 1834 and 1900, and includes a remarkable concentration of original housing stock. The neighborhood is dense, with a mix of single-family and multiple-family  wood frame housing. The preponderance of these buildings are Italianate, Second Empire or Renaissance Revival in style, with earlier Greek Revival and later Colonial Revival and Queen Anne styling present in smaller numbers. Some of the most prominent properties in the district are: the Donald McKay House , Trinity Neighborhood House , the Paul Curtis Mansion , and the William Waters Jr. House . Another noteworthy property in the district is the East Boston High School located at the top of the hill, built on a site formerly used as a reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Grace Hopkinson Eliot Hall, often called Eliot Hall, is a historic dormitory building on the Radcliffe Quadrangle of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The four story neo-Georgian brick building was built in 1907 to a design by Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow Jr. It is a duplicate of Bertram Hall, which is adjacent, except some of its architectural details were simplified to reduce costs. The house is named in honor of Grace Hopkinson Eliot, the wife of Harvard President Charles W. Eliot. The building is now one of the dormitories of Cabot House.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Engine House No. 34 is a historic fire station at 444 Western Avenue near the corner of Waverly Street in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The station, a -story brick and brownstone structure, was designed by Charles J. Bateman and built in 1888. It is one of a small number of Richardson Romanesque structures in the neighborhood, and features an engine entrance recessed behind a large round arch set asymmetrically on the main facade. The roof is gabled, although it has a hipped section above, with a large hipped projection to the left.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Fenway-Boylston Street District is a historic district encompassing a series of predominantly residential buildings lining The Fenway in the Fenway–Kenmore of Boston, Massachusetts. Developed beginning in the 1890s, the area is emblematic of Bostons upper-class residential development of the period, with architect-designed houses built for some of the citys leading families. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Fenway-Boylston Street District is located on the east side of Boston&#39;s Back Bay Fens, a public park designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. The Fens are flanked here by The Fenway, a parkway built in the 1880s when the park was laid out. The east side of the parkway is lined with buildings historically built as residences, set between the parkway and Hemenway Street, which was built in 1878 on top of an embankment that had isolated the Muddy River flats earlier in the 19th century. The houses were built between 1890 and about 1910, and are built of brick and stone. Stylistically they range from the elaborate Queen Anne and Beaux Arts styles to the more restrained Classical Revival. Although the area had been intended as a residential area, it attracted institutions as well, and many of the buildings are today occupied by students at area educational institutions. Anchoring the southern end of the district is the building of the Massachusetts Historical Society, a National Historic Landmark, at the junction of The Fenway and Boylston Street.</p><br>
<p>Just east of the Massachusetts Historic Society is the former Chambers Hotel, a Beaux Arts building designed by Arthur H. Bowditch and completed in 1901. Another institutional building is that built for the Boston Medical Library at 18 The Fenway. It is next door to the townhouse of Robert Swain Peabody, one of the principals of Boston&#39;s leading architectural firm, Peabody & Stearns. It and two adjacent townhouses are Peabody designs, while there are also works of Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow Jr. and other leading Boston architects on the block. The historic district also includes the Johnson Memorial Gate, located where Westland Avenue enters the park. The gate was designed by Guy Lowell, whose nearby works (outside the district) including Boston Museum of Fine Arts.</p><br>
<p>The Fields Corner Municipal Building is a historic municipal building at 1 Arcadia Street and 195 Adams Street in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1875, it is a prominent local example of Victorian Gothic architecture, probably designed by the city&#39;s first official architect, George A. Clough. The building originally housed a police station and library; it has been adaptively reused for professional and commercial purposes. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Fields Corner Municipal Building stands near the commercial center of Fields Corner. Its setting at the northwest corner of Adams and Arcadia Streets is just north of the angled intersection of Adams Street with Dorchester Avenue, which is the area&#39;s principal junction. The building is 2-1/2 stories tall and built out of red brick with limestone trim. It has an H-shaped layout and High Victorian Gothic styling. The front-facing end gables are parapeted, and there are three similarly styled gable dormers in the central section. Ground-floor windows are set in pointed openings with shouldered stone headers, while those on the second floor are set in rectangular openings.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by George A. Clough and built sometime between 1874 and 1885. It was intended as a replacement for a police station located on Hancock Street, and the new police station occupied one wing, with jail cells in the basement. The other wing was first used to establish the city&#39;s first branch library. Later use by the city included a district court.</p><br>
<p>The Fort Point Channel Historic District is an historic district located along Congress, Summer and A streets in South Boston on the south side of Fort Point Channel.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Boston Children&#39;s Museum (pictured, right), located in a renovated 19th-century brick industrial building, and the Boston Fire Museum, housed in the 1891 Congress Street Fire Station.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Consisting of about 55 acre of land across the Fort Point Channel from Boston&#39;s Financial District, the area was developed by the Boston Wharf Company from 1836 to 1882, mainly for warehousing and manufacturing. The Boston Wharf Company parceled out all of the lots and laid out all of the streets from scratch, naming the streets after officers in the company and principal tenants in the buildings: Binford, Farnsworth, Melcher, Midway, Sleeper and Stillings streets, Necco Court, Thomson Place.</p><br>
<p>The Boston Wharf Company constructed most of the buildings for the manufacture and storage of a wide variety of goods, beginning with sugar and molasses and branching out into the wool trade by the end of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Concurrently, the company enlarged its operations to become a chief developer of warehouse and industrial facilities for local railroads and shipping companies. This district made Boston the main production and marketing center for wool for clothing and fabrics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>After the wool trade declined, the districts buildings were abandoned. Artists gradually moved into the large, well-lit warehouse loft spaces, thus creating New Englands largest enclave of artists, the Fort Point Arts Community.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Point Channel district mainly consists of a visually uniform collection of side-by-side loft buildings constructed between the 1880s and 1920s by the Boston Wharf Company, most bearing the company&#39;s trademark logo as a circular copper crest relief attached to each building.</p><br>
<p>According to the Boston Landmarks Commission, these buildings represent "an unusually coherent and well-preserved collection of late 19th and early 20th century lofts that reflect a critical period of social, economic, and physical development in the City and the region. The loft buildings are generally masonry, with simple volumes and flat roofs. Buildings are elegantly proportioned, with classically inspired details concentrated at entrances and cornices."</p><br>
<h2>Landmark designation</h2><br>
<p>The Fort Point Channel Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>In 2001, the Fort Point District was petitioned as a Landmark District with the Boston Landmarks Commission. In 2008, a Mayoral-appointed Study Committee began drafting District guidelines. In December 2008, Mayor Menino and the Boston Landmarks Commission voted in favor of the guidelines which were officially approved on January 28, 2009 by the Boston City Council.</p><br>
<p>The Frances and Isabella Apartments are historic apartments at 430-432 and 434-436 Dudley Street in Boston, Massachusetts. They are a pair of three-story brick buildings, with distinctive corner towers with conical roofs, built with Queen Anne styling in 1887. Originally with two apartments per floor, they were subdivided further in 1952, and converted to lodging rooms in 1981. In the early 2000s the floor plan was again altered, to more closely resemble the 1952 plan.</p><br>
<p>The apartments were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Fulton-Commercial Streets District is a historic district encompassing a commercial area of the North End of Boston, Massachusetts. It is roughly bounded on the west by Cross Street, on the east by Lewis Street, on the north by Fulton Street, and on the south by Commercial and Mercantile Streets. It was developed during the second half of the 19th century on "made land" created by filling in the area just south of the Shawmut Peninsula as part of the Quincy Market development.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and expanded slightly in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The William Lloyd Garrison School is a historic school building at 20 Hutchings Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built in stages between 1910 and 1929 and named for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, it is a high-quality example of period school architecture, noted at the time for its state-of-the-art features. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and has since been converted into residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former William Lloyd Garrison School is located in Boston&#39;s Roxbury neighborhood, north of Franklin Park between Hutchings and Brookledge Streets west of Elm Hill Avenue. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure set on a raised basement, consisting of several different sections organized around a central courtyard and joined by passageways. Its elements are basically Colonial Revival in style, unified in part by the fact the three of its four building phases were designed by the same firm, Newhall & Blevins of Boston. The street-facing elements include basement-level windows on the original (eastern) block, and banks of classroom windows on the later western block.</p><br>
<p>The school was built, and then repeatedly enlarged, to meet the demands of Boston&#39;s rapidly growing population. Its first section was built in 1910, and was featured in a book on grade schools published in 1914. In 1918 that block was extended to the south, and in 1922 the assembly hall was added, set at an angle to the main block on the Brookledge Street side of the property. The final enlargement was in 1929, adding the western wing which forms the north side of the courtyard.</p><br>
<p>The Goldsmith Block is an historic apartment building at 41 Ruggles Street, 746–750 Shawmut Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts. The four story, orange brick building was built in 1892 by Samuel Goldsmith to a design by Cornelius Russell, a regionally notable designer of apartment blocks. The building has restrained Classical Revival and Romanesque elements. It is one of a small number of 19th-century buildings to survive an urban redevelopment project in the area during the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Ozias Goodwin House is a historic house at 7 Jackson Avenue in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts. It is a two-story brick rowhouse, three bays wide, with brownstone window sills and lintels. The second floor windows are set just below the eave, a typical Federal period detail. The house was built in 1795, and is one of Bostons rare surviving Federal period houses. It was owned by Ozias Goodwin a ships captain active in the East Indies trade.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Everett Hale House is a historic house at 12 Morley Street in Boston, Massachusetts. Built about 1841, it is a prominent local example of Greek Revival, most notable as the home of author and minister Edward Everett Hale for forty years. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Edward Everett Hale House stands on the north side of the Roxbury Highlands, on the west side of Morley Street, a dead-end residential street a short way south of John Eliot Square. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a side-gable roof and a mostly clapboarded exterior. The front facade is five bays wide, with a four-column Ionic portico projecting in front of the center three bays. The columns rise to an entablature with a low-pitch triangular pediment. The entablature is continued around the sides of the building. The facade behind the portico is finished in flushboard, and the windows there have eared corner mouldings. The main entrance, at the center of the facade, is framed by sidelight and transom windows, with a corniced architrave above.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1841 by Benjamin Kent, a local carpenter. It was originally located at 39 Highland Street, just around the corner from its present location, and is one of Boston&#39;s finer examples of high-style Greek Revival architecture. It was moved here sometime between 1899 and 1906 by Edward Everett Hale. Hale, a prominent writer and minister, made this his home from 1869 until his death in 1909.</p><br>
<p>Allandale Farm, also known as the John Harris House and Farm, and once as Faulkner Farm, is an historic farm at 284 Newton Street in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The main farm house, built c. 1778 and extensively remodeled in 1976, is one of Brookline&#39;s few 18th-century houses. The farm is the last working farm in both communities; it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Allandale Farm is located astride the border between Chestnut Hill and the Jamaica Plain neighborhood on Boston&#39;s southwest side. It covers about 105 acre, bounded on the west by Newton Street and the south and east by Allandale Road. It is bounded on the north by the Brandegee Estate, of which it was once a part. The farmstand that serves the public is located on Allandale Road, along with a cluster of greenhouses.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the farm property is accessed from the Brandegee Estates main drive off Newton Street, and includes a cluster farm outbuildings, dating to the late 19th century, that have been converted to other uses. The original farmhouse is set in a grove of trees, well back from the road. It was built about 1778 by John Harris, whose family owned land in the area since at least 1655. The house was extensively renovated in 1976, but elements of its 18th-century origins are still discernible. The farmhouse was used by the estate caretaker when the property was part of the Brandegee Estate. The farm is the last working farm in both communities, a reminder of the areas agrarian origins.</p><br>
<p>Since 2022 the retail workers of Allandale Farm have been represented by Allandale Workers United, a homegrown and independently formed labor union.</p><br>
